Chapter 3: Verb irregularities

In the third chapter you’ll find exemption rules for conjugating German verbs. These rules are explained by example verbs. In addition to that the abbreviations are outlined, which the program Verbtime shows when conjugating German verbs.

	Rule	Example verb		Description
	e1	4.	reden	e-insertion for verbs, whose verb primitive ends on "d" or "t"
	e2	5.	atmen	e-insertion for verbs, whose verb primitive ends on "m" or "n"
	e3	6.	geigen	e-insertion for verbs, whose verb primitive ends on "ig"
	e4	7.	heißen	e-insertion for verbs, whose verb primitive ends on "s", "ss", "ß" or "z"
	f/t	8.	greifen	f/t-insertion for verbs, whose verb primitive ends on "f" or "t"
	(ff, f)	9.	schaffen	Avoiding double consonants (ff, f), (ll, l), (mm, m) and (tt, t)
	(ss, ck)	10.	essen	Avoiding double consonants (ss, ß) and (ck, k)
	(ß, ss)	11.	reißen	Replacing "ß" by "ss" for strong verbs, whose verb primitive ends on "ß"
	(s)	12.	reizen	Removing the "s" in Singular II for verbs ending on "s", "ss", "ß" or "z"
	ieren	13.	navigieren	Building the Partizip II without "ge" for ieren-verbs

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also see:

Chapter 1: General Information
Chapter 2: The regular verbs
Chapter 3: verb-irregularities
Chapter 4: The irregular verbs
Chapter 5: Appendix