Deponent verbs
Verbtime supports building deponent and semi-deponent verbs, which are recognised by the following verb extensions:
| - | "ARI" in case of model I verbs | example verb hortari | |
| - | "ERI" in case of model II verbs | example verb vereri | |
| - | with help of the list for model III-io verbs | example verb aggredi | |
| - | with help of the list for model III verbs | example verb elabi | |
| - | "IRI" in case of model IV verbs | example verb moliri |
Deponent verbs are built as passive verbs, however have active usage.
Semi-deponent verbs are built active in the Present primitive-tenses and passive in the Perfect primitive tenses. An exception here is the verb "reverti" (see below).
Verbs ending on "ari" as model I deponents:
Verb primitive + ari (e.g. hortari)
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Present = Verb primitive + or (here: hortor)
Perfect = Verb primitive + atus sum (here: hortatus sum)
Verbs ending on "eri" as model II deponents:
Verb primitive + eri (e.g. vereri)
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Present = Verb primitive + eor (here: vereor)
Perfect = Verb primitive + itus sum (here: veritus sum)
Verbs of the model III-io and model III conjugation
Deponent verbs of the model III-io and model III conjugation must be made known in Verbtime with help of the function "Irregular verb-info administration", as these verbs don’t have default verb-extensions (automatic detection of these verbs is not possible). Note further that deponent verbs always built the Present- and Perfect tenses in passive.
Example-deponent of the model III-io conjugation:
Example: aggredi
Present = Verb primitive + edior (here: aggredior)
Perfect = Verb primitive + essus sum (here: aggressus sum)
Example-deponent of the model III conjugation:
Example: elabi
Present = Verb primitive + abor (here: elabor)
Perfect = Verb primitive + apsus sum (here: elapsus sum)
Verbs ending on "iri" as model IV deponents:
Verb primitive + iri (e.g. moliri)
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Present = Verb primitive + ior (here: molior)
Perfect = Verb primitive + itus sum (here: molitus sum)
For hints regarding building the Imperative tenses, see further below.
Semi-deponent verbs
Verbtime recognises the following semi-deponent verbs automatically:
Semi-deponents of the model II conjugation
Verb Present Perfect
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audere audeo ausus sum
gaudere gaudeo gavisus sum
solere soleo solitus sum
Semi-deponents of the model III conjugation
Verb Present Perfect (active) Perfect (passive)
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fidere fido - fisus sum
confidere confido - confisus sum
diffidere diffido - diffisus sum
reverti reverto reverti reversus sum
Note that semi-deponents build the Present tenses in active and the Perfect tenses in passive. An exception is the verb "reverti", which builds the Present tenses in passive and the Perfect tenses in active.
For hints regarding building the Imperative tenses, see further below.
Building the Imperative tenses
The Imperative tenses are built for deponent- and semi-deponent verbs with help of the following verb extensions:
I (ari) II (eri) IV (iri) III-io III
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Imperative I
Singular I - - - - -
Singular II are ere iri ere ere
Singular III - - - - -
Plural I - - - - -
Plural II amini emini imini imini imini
Plural III - - - - -
Imperative II
Singular I - - - - -
Singular II ator etor itor itor itor
Singular III ator etor itor itor itor
Plural I - - - - -
Plural II (*1) - - - - -
Plural III antor entor iuntor iuntor untor
(*1) The plural II is not supported for (semi-)deponents.
also see:
Latin verb table, overview
Regular verbs, rules, general
Regular verbs, rules, active verbs
Regular verbs, rules, passive verbs
Deponent- and semi-deponent verb, overview