General
Latin verbs are divided into the following five verb groups:
| - | Verbs ending on "ARE" (model I conjugation) | Example verb amare | |
| - | Verbs ending on "ERE" (model II conjugation) | Example verb merere | |
| - | Verbs ending on "ERE" that follow the model III-io conjugation | Example verb cupere | |
| - | Verbs ending on "ERE" that follow the model III conjugation | Example verb deserere | |
| - | Verbs ending on "IRE" (model IV conjugation) | Example verb audire |
The various tenses are built with help of the Present-primitive, the Perfect-primitive and the Participle Perfect Passive primitive (PPP-primitive). Also verbs can be built in active voice and passive voice. Here the following scheme applies:
Active voice
| Mood | Present-primitive | Perfect-primitive | PPP-primitive | |
| Indicative | Present | Perfect | - | |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | - | ||
| Future I | Future II | - | ||
| Subjunctive | Present | Perfect | - | |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | - | ||
| Imperative | Imperative I | - | - | |
| Imperative II | - | - | ||
| Gerund | Gerund | - | - | |
| Supine | - | - | Supine I | |
| - | - | Supine II | ||
| Participle | Present | - | Future |
Passive voice
| Mood | Present-primitive | Perfect-primitive | PPP-primitive | |
| Indicative | Present | - | Perfect | |
| Imperfect | - | Pluperfect | ||
| Future I | - | Future II | ||
| Subjunctive | Present | - | Perfect | |
| Imperfect | - | Pluperfect | ||
| Gerund | Gerundiv | - | - | |
| Participle | - | - | Present Passive |
The Present primitive, Perfect primitive and Participle Perfect Passive primitive (PPP) of a verb is built by cutting off the verb-endings "ARE", "ERE", respectively "IRE". Afterwards the searched verb forms are built by appending the corresponding verb extensions (also see tables active verbs and passive verbs).
For building the respective verb forms, Verbtime uses the following default-conjugations:
| Verb | Default conjugation | Differing conjugation | |
| Model I conjugation | according to v-perfect | verb list of model I conjugation | |
| Model II conjugation | according to u-perfect | verb list of model II conjugation | |
| Model III-io conjugation | - | verb list of model III-io conjugation | |
| Model III conjugation | - | verb list of model III conjugation | |
| Model IV conjugation | according to v/u-perfect | verb list of model IV conjugation |
Note 1:
ERE-verbs are in general recognised as verbs of the model II conjugation. That is the reason why no default building rules for model III-io and model III verbs exist. These verbs have to be made known in the program with help of the corresponding verb lists (see Appendix, overview).
Note 2:
The same applies for verbs of the model I conjugation, model II conjugation and model IV conjugation that differ from the default building rules, have to be made known in the corresponding verb lists (see Appendix, overview).
Examples
| Example 1: model I conjugation | Example 2: model II conjugation | ||||
| Verb: | amare | Verb: | merere | ||
| Verb group: | ARE-verbs | Verb group: | ERE-verbs | ||
| Verb primitive: | am (+are) | Verb primitive: | mer (+ere) | ||
| Present-based: | am + ext. | Present-based: | mer + ext. | ||
| Perfect-based: | am + av + ext. | Perfect-based: | mer + u + ext. | ||
| PPP-based: | am + at + ext. | PPP-based: | mer + it + ext. | ||
| Example 3: model III-io conjugation | Example 4: model III conjugation | ||||
| Verb: | cupere | Verb: | deserere | ||
| Verb group: | ERE-verbs (model III-io) | Verb group: | ERE-verbs (model III) | ||
| Verb primitive: | cup (+are) | Verb primitive: | deser (+ere) | ||
| Present-based: | cup + ext. | Present-based: | deser + ext. | ||
| Perfect-based: | cup + iv + ext. | Perfect-based: | deser + ext. | ||
| PPP-based: | cup + it + ext. | PPP-based: | deser + ext. | ||
| Example 5: model IV conjugation | ||
| Verb: | audire | |
| Verb group: | IRE-verbs | |
| Verb primitive: | aud (+ire) | |
| Present-based: | aud + ext. | |
| Perfect-based: | aud + iv + ext. | |
| PPP-based: | aud + it + ext. | |
also see:
Latin verb table, overview
Regular verbs, rules, active verbs
Regular verbs, rules, passive verbs